DIY 迷你空调

Homemade Air Conditioner

项目概述：制造一个真正的制冷系统

Project Overview: Building a Real Refrigeration System

炎炎夏日，想拥有一个便携高效的降温神器吗？本教程将带您用最少的材料，打造一个功能齐全的迷你空调，它能够快速降低空气温度，甚至让铜管结霜，带来极速清凉体验！

-10℃

Cooling Temperature

极速降温

Few

Components Needed

所需材料少

Portable

Design

便携易用

所需材料

Materials List

制作步骤

Step-by-Step Instructions

步骤 1: 制作蒸发器线圈 (Making the Evaporator Coil)

使用 4x6mm 铜管和圆形物体 (如漆罐) 弯绕形成螺旋形线圈。这将作为我们制冷系统的蒸发器。绕制大约 8 圈。 Bend the 4x6mm copper tube around a round object like a spray can to form a spiral coil. This will be our evaporator. Make about 8 turns.

Bending copper tube into a spiral

步骤 2: 切割并调整形状 (Cutting and Shaping)

使用割管器切断蒸发器线圈的铜管。稍微调整线圈的形状，并将两端稍微弯曲，方便后续连接。 Use the tube cutter to cut the copper tube for the evaporator coil. Slightly adjust the shape and bend the ends slightly for later connections.

Cutting the copper tube coil

步骤 3: 制作冷凝器线圈 (Making the Condenser Coil)

使用剩余的 4x6mm 铜管，同样用圆形物体弯绕，但这次留出更宽的间距，并减少圈数。这将是冷凝器。 Using the remaining 4x6mm copper tube, bend it around a round object, but leave more space between turns and make fewer turns. This will be the condenser.

Bending copper tube for the condenser

步骤 4: 准备底座和固定件 (Preparing the Base and Fixings)

准备一块木板作为底座。在木板上预先打好孔，用于固定塑料固定夹和其他组件。这些孔的位置需要根据您的组件尺寸调整。 Prepare a wooden board as the base. Drill holes beforehand to fix the plastic clamps and other components. The hole positions should be adjusted based on your component sizes.

Wooden base with pre-drilled holes and plastic clamps

步骤 5: 固定铜管线圈 (Fixing the Copper Coils)

使用扎带穿过底座上的孔和塑料固定夹，将蒸发器和冷凝器线圈固定在木板上。确保铜管牢固不晃动。 Use cable ties inserted through the base holes and plastic clamps to fix the evaporator and condenser coils to the wooden board. Ensure the tubes are secure.

Fixing the evaporator coil with cable ties

步骤 6: 制作毛细管 (Creating the Capillary Tube)

取一根毛细铜管 (Ø2mm 外径 | Ø0.8mm 内径)，用钢笔或类似细圆棒弯绕一小段，形成紧密的螺旋。这段毛细管是制冷循环中的关键组件。 Take a capillary copper tube (Ø2mm outer | Ø0.8mm inner) and bend a small section tightly around a pen or similar thin rod. This capillary tube is a key component in the refrigeration cycle.

Bending the capillary tube around a pen

步骤 7: 连接毛细管 (Connecting the Capillary Tube)

将毛细管的一端插入冷凝器的一端，另一端插入蒸发器的一端。使用尖嘴钳轻轻挤压连接处，将大铜管的管口收紧，固定住毛细管。 Insert one end of the capillary tube into one end of the condenser, and the other end into one end of the evaporator. Use pliers to gently crimp the larger tubes around the capillary tube at the connections.

Inserting and crimping the capillary tube connections

步骤 8: 焊接密封连接处 (Soldering the Connections)

为了确保制冷剂不会泄漏，使用电烙铁和焊锡丝将毛细管与大铜管的连接处焊接密封。焊接前可以使用焊锡膏帮助焊接。 To ensure no refrigerant leaks, use a soldering iron and solder wire to seal the connections between the capillary tube and the larger copper tubes. Use flux beforehand to aid soldering.

Soldering the copper tube connections

步骤 9: 安装风扇和气泵 (Installing the Fan and Air Pump)

将 12V 风扇和 12V 微型气泵固定在底座上。气泵可以使用小木块和金属支架辅助固定。确保风扇的出风方向正对着蒸发器线圈。 Fix the 12V fan (SUNON Maglev) and the 12V miniature air pump to the base. Use a small wooden block and metal strap to help secure the pump. Ensure the fan blows air directly onto the evaporator coil.

Fixing the fan and pump to the base

步骤 10: 连接 PVC 软管 (Connecting PVC Tubes)

切割两段 PVC 软管 (6x8mm)。将一段软管连接到气泵的 OUT 口，另一端连接到冷凝器的 输入 端。将另一段软管连接到蒸发器的 输出 端，另一端连接到气泵的 IN 口。这样就形成了密闭的循环回路。 Cut two pieces of PVC soft tube (6x8mm). Connect one tube from the air pump's OUT port to the condenser's input end. Connect the other tube from the evaporator's output end to the air pump's IN port. This creates a closed loop circuit.

Connecting PVC tubes to the pump and copper coils

步骤 11: 连接电源 (Connecting Power)

将风扇和气泵的电源线连接到 9V 电池盒的输出端。注意正负极的连接。可以使用焊锡加强连接。 Connect the power wires of the fan and air pump to the output terminals of the 9V battery holder. Pay attention to positive and negative connections. Soldering can be used to strengthen the connections.

Wiring the pump and fan to the battery holder

步骤 12: 注入制冷剂 (Injecting Refrigerant)

使用注射器和细针头，从毛细管 进入蒸发器 的一端（即靠近蒸发器线圈的连接处）注入异丁烷气体。异丁烷是本系统的核心制冷剂。 Using a syringe and fine needle, inject Isobutane gas into the system from the end of the capillary tube entering the evaporator (the connection point near the evaporator coil). Isobutane is the core refrigerant for this system.

Injecting isobutane gas with a syringe

制冷原理：简单的物理循环

How it Works: A Simple Physics Cycle

Diagram of refrigeration cycle with compressor, condenser, capillary tube, and evaporator

本迷你空调基于简单的制冷循环原理。核心在于异丁烷气体（C₄H₁₀）。 This mini air conditioner is based on a simple refrigeration cycle principle. The core is Isobutane gas (C₄H₁₀).

  • 蒸发器 (Evaporator): 异丁烷在低压环境下从液体变为气体时，需要吸收大量热量。它从周围的空气中吸收热量，从而使铜管和流经的风扇吹出的空气迅速冷却。 When isobutane changes from liquid to gas in a low-pressure environment, it absorbs a lot of heat. It absorbs heat from the surrounding air, rapidly cooling the copper tube and the air blown by the fan.
  • 气泵/模拟压缩机 (Pump/Simulated Compressor): 气泵吸入低压的异丁烷气体，并将其压缩，提高温度和压力。 The pump (simulating a compressor) draws in the low-pressure isobutane gas and compresses it, increasing its temperature and pressure.
  • 冷凝器 (Condenser): 高压高温的异丁烷气体流经冷凝器（另一段铜管线圈），将热量散发到环境中，重新冷凝成液体。 The high-pressure, high-temperature isobutane gas flows through the condenser (the other copper tube coil), releasing heat to the environment and condensing back into a liquid.
  • 毛细管 (Capillary Tube): 液态异丁烷通过极细的毛细管时，会发生压力骤降，为其在蒸发器中迅速蒸发创造条件。 As the liquid isobutane passes through the extremely narrow capillary tube, there is a sudden pressure drop, creating conditions for it to quickly evaporate in the evaporator.

这个循环不断重复，持续从环境中吸收热量，实现制冷效果。 This cycle repeats continuously, absorbing heat from the environment to achieve cooling.

测试与效果：铜管迅速结霜！

Testing and Results: Rapid Frosting!

连接电池后，气泵和风扇开始工作。异丁烷在蒸发器中迅速蒸发，吸收热量。可以看到蒸发器铜管表面很快出现凝结水并开始结霜。 After connecting the battery, the air pump and fan start working. The isobutane quickly evaporates in the evaporator, absorbing heat. You can see condensation appearing on the evaporator copper tube surface and quickly starting to frost.

Frost forming on the evaporator coil

使用测温仪测量，蒸发器表面的温度迅速下降。 Using a thermometer, the surface temperature of the evaporator drops rapidly.

Thermometer showing -7 degrees Celsius on the copper tube

经过一段时间运行，温度可以达到惊人的 -10°C！风扇将流经冰冷铜管的空气吹出，形成强劲的冷风。 After running for some time, the temperature can reach an amazing -10°C! The fan blows air passing over the freezing cold copper tube, creating a strong cool breeze.

Thermometer showing -10 degrees Celsius on the copper tube with frost
成功!

Success!

告别炎热，自制清凉！

Say Goodbye to Heat, Make Your Own Coolness!

现在您不必为昂贵的商业空调发愁了。用这些简单的材料和步骤，您也能拥有一个实用的迷你空调，在炎热的夏夜享受清凉！ Now you don't have to worry about expensive commercial air conditioners. With these simple materials and steps, you can also have a practical mini air conditioner to enjoy coolness on hot summer nights!

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